The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Cannabinoids - Cannabinoid receptor agonists (synthetic) (K2, Spice)

Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)

Arrhythmias-Dysrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (Review at PMID 15582307), ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation See also under torsades de pointe under XIIt

Publications

von Both I, Santos B

Death of a young woman with cyclic vomiting: a case report.

Forensic science, medicine, and pathology 2021 Nov 04;; — 2021 Nov 04

Young AC, Schwarz E, Medina G, Obafemi A, Feng SY, Kane C, Kleinschmidt K

Cardiotoxicity associated with the synthetic cannabinoid, K9, with laboratory confirmation.

The American journal of emergency medicine 2012 Sep;30;1320.e5-7 — 2012 Sep — 1320.e5-7

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

Diagnosing DIRD

Identify causative drugs

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