The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Anticoagulants, oral (vitamin K antagonists-VKA)

Retropharyngeal hematoma (may cause UAO)

May cause acute UAO

Ditkofsky N, Hanna T

Images in Clinical Medicine. Spontaneous Retropharyngeal Hematoma.

The New England journal of medicine 2016 Jan 21;374;e3 — 2016 Jan 21 — e3

Bloom DC, Haegen T, Keefe MA

Anticoagulation and spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma.

The Journal of emergency medicine 2003 May;24;389-94 — 2003 May — 389-94

Sinert R, Scalea T

Retropharyngeal and bowel hematomas in an anticoagulated patient.

Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 1994 Jan-Feb;1;67-72 — 1994 Jan-Feb — 67-72

Owens DE, Calcaterra TC, Aarstad RA

Retropharyngeal hematoma. A complication of therapy with anticoagulants.

Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) 1975 Sep;101;565-8 — 1975 Sep — 565-8

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

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