The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Anticoagulants, oral (vitamin K antagonists-VKA)

Veterinary: (Peri-) tracheal/retropharyngeal hemorrhage

May cause airway stenosis, obstruction abd/or collapse.

Thomer AJ, Santoro Beer KA

Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis causing tracheal collapse in 4 small breed dogs.

Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001) 2018 Nov;28;573-578 — 2018 Nov — 573-578

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

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