The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Amyl-nitrite, butyl-nitrite, isobutyl-nitrite (‘Poppers’)

Hemolytic anemia

Elshikh AH, Kango G, Baalbaki M, Lankowsky J, Bawa A

Amyl Nitrite-Induced Hemolytic Anemia: Acute Therapy and Prevention.

Cureus 2021 Jul;13;e16099 — 2021 Jul — e16099

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

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