The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Apixaban

Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)

Low evidence for causality.

Dimala CA, Patel U, Lloyd B, Donato A, Kimmel WB, Hallowell R, Moss C

A Case Report of Steroid-Resistant Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Managed with Intravenous Immunoglobulins.

Case reports in pulmonology 2021;2021;9343491 — 2021 — 9343491

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

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