The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Pacemaker leads - Implantable cardiac devices

Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion

Gianni C, Canby RC, Anannab A, Della Rocca DG, Natale A, Al-Ahmad A

The Subtle Journey of a Right Atrial Lead: Hemopneumothorax Due to Subacute Pacemaker Lead Perforation.

JACC. Case reports 2020 Jun;2;902-906 — 2020 Jun — 902-906

Liang JJ, Killu AM, Osborn MJ, Jaffe AS

Pacemaker lead perforation causing hemopericardium eight years after implantation.

Indian heart journal 2013 May-Jun;65;331-3 — 2013 May-Jun — 331-3

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

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