The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Apixaban

Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion

Cinelli M, Uddin A, Duka I, Soomro A, Tamburrino F, Ghavami F, Lafferty J

Spontaneous Hemorrhagic Pericardial and Pleural Effusion in a Patient Receiving Apixaban.

Cardiology research 2019 Aug;10;249-252 — 2019 Aug — 249-252

Abu Hishmeh M, Srivastava P, Lougheide Q, Srinivasan M, Murthy S

Massive Spontaneous Hemothorax as a Complication of Apixaban Treatment.

Case reports in pulmonology 2018;2018;8735036 — 2018 — 8735036

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment

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