X - Pulmonary edema
Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)
Last update 17/06/2026
See also under negative pressure pulmonary hemorrhage IIIf. (Fr: OAP par obstruction des VAS et pression négative inspiratoire). NPPE develops as an rapid-onset consequence of large negative intrathoracic pressure swings against a closed airway. Tracheal petechiae have been noted in some cases: PMID 21362660. Common causes include tonsillar enlargement/surgery, obstruction of the upper/large airway, angioedema, recent extubation, thyroid conditions, vocal cord surgery. Pathophysiology at PMID 23640584. Review at PMID 25445940