Philippe Camus, M.D.

Dijon, France

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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

Anticoagulants, oral (vitamin K antagonists-VKA)

Therapeutic oral vitamin K antagonists (VKA) acenocoumarol, coumadin, coumarin, phenprocoumon, warfarin and the like. See also under the rodenticide/pesticides brodifacoum, diphacinone, diphenadione. See also under other anticoagulants heparin, thrombolytic agents, platelet glycoprotein aggregation inhibitors (anti-GPIIB/IIIA) (abciximab, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, eptifibatide) and direct (new) anti-IIa or anti-Xa oral anticoagulans (apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban). Patients with pulmonary hypertension who receive oral anticoagulants are also at risk of hemorrhage in the chest and/or other organs. Drug abusers may surreptitiously take warfarin to prevent femoral vein thrombosis. Abused drugs and the smoke of certain cigarettes may contain coumarin or warfarin, causing coagulopathy (PMID 11547737, 17583404, 24275169). Antidotes at PMID 24275169, 26872887.

XII - Pericardial involvement

XII.c

Hemopericardium - Bloody pericardial effusion

XIV - Pleural involvement

XIV.e

Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion

XVI - Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)

XVI.a

Hemomediastinum - Mediastinal hematoma
XVI.b

Pulmonary hematoma
XVI.c

Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO
XVI.d

Retropharyngeal hematoma (may cause UAO)
XVI.e

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XVI.i

Hemoptysis
XVI.k

Vocal cord hematoma
XVI.l

Thoracic epidural or spinal hematoma
XVI.m

BAL: Gross or microscopic bleeding/hemorrhage
XVI.n

Rectus abdominis sheath hematoma
XVI.o

Epistaxis

XXIV - Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis

XXIV.i

Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis

XXVIII - Large airway involvement

XXVIII.a

Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
XXVIII.i

Tongue involvement (edema, glossitis, hematoma)

XXXII - Esophageal pathology

XXXII.a

Esophageal hematoma (may cause chest pain and/or tracheal compression)

XXXVII - Veterinary medicine and pathology

XXXVII.e

Veterinary: (Peri-) tracheal/retropharyngeal hemorrhage

XXXVIII - Miscellaneous - Varia

XXXVIII.l

Calcification of tracheobronchial cartilaginous rings