XXVIII.o
XXVIII - Large airway involvement
A ‘tracheobronchitis’ clinical pattern
Last update 17/06/2026
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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website
Causative drugs
1
I.n
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.n Respiratory arrest - Apnea
X.b
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
XII.g
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.g Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus)
XIV.a
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XIV.d
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.d Eosinophilic pleural effusion
XV.a
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XV.b
XV. Chest pain
XV.b Pleuritic chest pain
XV.e
XV. Chest pain
XV.e Pleuritis (can cause chest pain)
XVI.c
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.c Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO
XVI.e
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XXI.a
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV.d
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.d Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV.f
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.f Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) imaging pattern
XXIV.h
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.h Pulmonary fibrosis (may improve but partly following drug discontinuation)
XXIV.j
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.j Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
XXIV.ab
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ab Chronic pneumonitis/ILD
XXIV.ah
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ah Transient pulmonary opacities/infiltrates (see also under Iav)
XXV.i
XXV. Pulmonary function - Pulmonary physiology - PFTs
XXV.i A restrictive lung function defect
XXVIII.o
XXVIII. Large airway involvement
XXVIII.o A ‘tracheobronchitis’ clinical pattern
XXIX.a
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXX.u
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.u Imaging: Reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch
XXXVI.a
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.a Autoimmunity - An autoimmune condition (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)
XXXVI.b
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.b Lupus - Lupus syndrome
XXXVI.f
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.f Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)
XXXVI.m
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.m DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction - Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
XXXVI.u
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.u Pulmonary vasculitis or capillaritis