XXXVI.k
XXXVI - Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
Last update 17/06/2026
Back
The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website
Causative drugs
7
XIV.a
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XX.c
XX. Vasculitis
XX.c Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic) - ANCA status unknown or negative
XXI.a
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV.f
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.f Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) imaging pattern
XXIX.d
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.d Cough (lone)
XXX.b
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.b Imaging: A miliary pattern (diffuse random micronodules)
XXX.n
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.n Imaging: A 'tree-in-bud' pattern
XXXVI.h
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.h Myasthenia gravis - Myasthenic-like syndrome
XXXVI.i
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.i Guillain-Barré (or GB-like) syndrome (w/wo ARF)
XXXVI.k
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
XXXVIII.a
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.a Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma
XXXVIII.k
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.k Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
I.l
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.l Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest
X.b
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXXVI.f
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.f Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)
XXXVI.k
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
XXXVIII.k
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.k Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
I.a
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.a Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
II.e
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.e Acute respiratory or cardiopulmonary failure
III.a
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.a Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
X.b
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
XIII.a
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.a Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thrombo-embolism
XIII.o
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.o Systemic arterial thrombosis
XV.a
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XVI.e
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XVI.h
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.h Coagulopathy
XVI.i
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.i Hemoptysis
XXI.c
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.c Pneumomediastinum
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXII.e
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.e Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (of neuromuscular cause or causes)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV.d
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.d Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV.k
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.k Pulmonary infiltrates
XXIV.w
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.w Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility)
XXXVI.k
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
XXXVIII.d
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.d Death following exposure or poisoning
XXXVIII.r
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.r Hyperemesis
XIV.a
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XV.a
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XXIII.a
XXIII. Hemoglobinopathies (acquired, reversible)
XXIII.a Methemoglobinemia
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXXVI.k
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
XXXVI.m
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.m DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction - Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
XXXVIII.f
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.f Cyanosis, a low SpO2 and normal measured PaO2
I.m
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.m Sudden cardiac death
II.e
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.e Acute respiratory or cardiopulmonary failure
III.a
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.a Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
VI.a
VI. Cardiomyopathy
VI.a Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic)
X.b
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
XI.a
XI. Pulmonary vasculopathies
XI.a Pulmonary arterial hypertension
XV.a
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XVI.e
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XX.c
XX. Vasculitis
XX.c Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic) - ANCA status unknown or negative
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIX.a
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXXVI.k
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
XXXVIII.d
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.d Death following exposure or poisoning
XXXVIII.s
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.s CNS involvement/dysfunction/damage
XIII.a
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.a Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thrombo-embolism
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIX.a
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXXVI.k
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
I.a
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.a Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
XXIV.y
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.y Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (subacute, acute)
XXVIII.g
XXVIII. Large airway involvement
XXVIII.g Thermal (burns, frostbite), chemical or caustic injury (face, buccal mucosa, pharynx, upper airway)
XXX.q
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.q Paraffinoma - Lipidoma (ELP in the form of a nodule or mass)
XXXVI.k
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)