Philippe Camus, M.D.
Dijon, France
XXVII - Dyspnea, lone
Last update 17/06/2026
Usually , subacute/chronic, lone, with no definite evidence for underlying involvement, disease or explanation. A workup for drug-induced asthma, the 'locked lung', pulmonary embolism, and hemoglobinpathies is required. Ticagrelor is a significant etiologic contributor to this pattern
XX. Vasculitis
XX.d Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrathoracic, or systemic: ANCA-positive
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.i Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.k Pulmonary infiltrates
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.a Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise
XXVIII. Large airway involvement
XXVIII.a Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.u Hypocalcemia (may lead to respiratory muscle weakness and RF)
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.v Osteonecrosis of the jaw
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.a Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.e Bradycardia
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.a Left ventricular dysfunction/failure
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.f Pneumothorax
XV. Chest pain
XV.d Chest tightness
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.h Coagulopathy
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.i Hemoptysis
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.m BAL: Gross or microscopic bleeding/hemorrhage
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.c Pneumomediastinum
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XXIII. Hemoglobinopathies (acquired, reversible)
XXIII.a Methemoglobinemia
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.a Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.c Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.f Deterioration/exacerbation of preexisting asthma or COPD
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.e Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.f Imaging: Alveolar opacities or haze with a batwing or butterfly distribution
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
XXXI. Eye catchers
XXXI.e Eye catcher: A batwing or butterfly pattern on chest imaging
XXXIII. Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)
XXXIII.k Path: Alveolar hemorrhage
XXXIV. Infections
XXXIV.b Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.p Multisystem/systemic inflammatory response/syndrome
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.c Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.d Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension
IV. Heart block (bundle branch-, AV-block)
IV.a Heart block (bundle branch- or AV-)
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.h Pulmonary fibrosis (may improve but partly following drug discontinuation)
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.a Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
XI. Pulmonary vasculopathies
XI.a Pulmonary arterial hypertension
XI. Pulmonary vasculopathies
XI.b Acute pulmonary hypertension
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.i Crystal pulmonary embolism
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.k Foreign body pulmonary vasculopathy (Excipient lung disease)
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.e Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (of neuromuscular cause or causes)
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.a Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.b Tachypnea
XXXII. Esophageal pathology
XXXII.b Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula, Boerhaave’s syndrome)
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.d Death following exposure or poisoning
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.e Bradycardia
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.a Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise
XXVIII. Large airway involvement
XXVIII.a Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
XXXV. Disordered breathing during sleep
XXXV.a Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea
XXXV. Disordered breathing during sleep
XXXV.b Disordered breathing pattern - Cheynes-Stokes respiration
XXXV. Disordered breathing during sleep
XXXV.d Central sleep apnea
