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XXVIII.d

XXVIII - Large airway involvement

Vocal cord dysfunction, adduction, closure

Last update 17/06/2026

Vocal cords or folds (PMID 29037819). May result from drug-induced paralysis. See also under 'Laryngospasm' (VIIIe) with which this condition may overlap. See also under VIIIt.

Causative drugs

4
XII.b
XII.e
XII.g
XII.n
XV.e
XVI.e
XVI.g
XX.c
XX.d
XXII.b
XXIV.a
XXIV.b
XXIV.j
XXVIII.a
XXVIII.d
XXIX.a
XXIX.b
XXXVI.a
XXXVI.b
XXXVI.m
XXXVI.s
XXXVI.t
XXXVI.u
XXXVIII.a