Philippe Camus, M.D.

Dijon, France

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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

XXI.c

XXI - Mediastinal involvement/injury

Pneumomediastinum

Last update 17/06/2026

Of note, peritracheal and/or submucosal air/gas may obstruct the upper/central airway causing asphyxia. See also under Vf. Pneumomediastinum may cause mediastinal shift or compression with consequent UAO and/or acute respiratory failure (PMID 19748792; 31737371). Pneumomediastinum can also be observed as a complication of drug-induced ILD, pulmonary fibrosis or ARDS, either spontaneously or as a consequence of barotrauma (e.g. with pulmonary function testing or mechanical ventilation).

Causative drugs

5
Abused drugs/substances (illicit-, street-) - oral, i.v. or inhaled
III.a
VI.b
IX.a
X.b
XI.a
XI.b
XI.e
XI.i
XIII.h
XIII.k
XV.a
XVI.e
XXI.c
XXI.d
XXVI.c
XXX.f
XXXI.e
XXXIII.l
XXXIII.n
XXXIV.a
XXXVIII.w
Cannabinoids - Cannabinoid receptor agonists (synthetic) (K2, Spice)
I.a
II.e
III.a
X.b
XIII.a
XIII.o
XV.a
XVI.e
XVI.h
XVI.i
XXI.c
XXII.b
XXII.e
XXIV.b
XXIV.c
XXIV.d
XXIV.k
XXIV.w
XXXVI.k
XXXVIII.d
XXXVIII.r
E-cigarette - E-vaporizers - ENDS - Vaping - Dabbing
I.a
I.e
II.a
XIV.a
XIV.f
XV.d
XVI.e
XVI.h
XVI.i
XVI.m
XXI.c
XXII.b
XXII.c
XXIII.a
XXIV.a
XXIV.b
XXIV.c
XXVII.a
XXIX.a
XXIX.c
XXIX.f
XXX.e
XXX.f
XXX.l
XXXI.e
XXXIII.k
XXXIV.b
XXXVI.p
XXXVIII.c
Marijuana, cannabis (haschish, hash, bang, dab)
I.a
I.j
III.a
III.c
III.e
IV.a
V.a
XII.b
XIV.a
XIV.f
XIV.l
XV.a
XVI.e
XVI.i
XXI.c
XXII.b
XXII.e
XXIV.b
XXIV.c
XXIV.d
XXIV.k
XXIV.y
XXIV.ad
XXIV.ae
XXIV.af
XXIX.d
XXXVI.f
XXXVIII.e
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
X.b
XIV.f
XXI.c
XXII.b
XXII.c
XXIII.a
XXIV.a
XXIV.b
XXIV.c
XXIV.d
XXIV.l
XXIV.ak
XXXVI.a
XXXVI.e
XXXVI.f
XXXVI.m
XXXVIII.k