XXII - Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
Last update 17/06/2026
XXII - Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
Last update 17/06/2026
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.a Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.e Bradycardia
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.a Left ventricular dysfunction/failure
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.f Pneumothorax
XV. Chest pain
XV.d Chest tightness
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.h Coagulopathy
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.i Hemoptysis
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.m BAL: Gross or microscopic bleeding/hemorrhage
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.c Pneumomediastinum
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XXIII. Hemoglobinopathies (acquired, reversible)
XXIII.a Methemoglobinemia
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.a Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.c Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.f Deterioration/exacerbation of preexisting asthma or COPD
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.e Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.f Imaging: Alveolar opacities or haze with a batwing or butterfly distribution
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
XXXI. Eye catchers
XXXI.e Eye catcher: A batwing or butterfly pattern on chest imaging
XXXIII. Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)
XXXIII.k Path: Alveolar hemorrhage
XXXIV. Infections
XXXIV.b Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.p Multisystem/systemic inflammatory response/syndrome
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.c Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ag Chemical (toxic) pneumonitis
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
X. Pulmonary edema
X.h Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.k Foreign body pulmonary vasculopathy (Excipient lung disease)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.c Pleural effusion and coexisting ILD (both drug-induced)
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.d Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.f Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) imaging pattern
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.h Pulmonary fibrosis (may improve but partly following drug discontinuation)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.j Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
XXVIII. Large airway involvement
XXVIII.a Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.c Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.b Lupus - Lupus syndrome
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.e Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation
XXXIII. Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)
XXXIII.q Silicone pneumonitis - 'Silicone lung'
XXXIII. Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)
XXXIII.v Path: Silicone pulmonary embolism
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.f Pneumothorax
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.c Pneumomediastinum
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XXIII. Hemoglobinopathies (acquired, reversible)
XXIII.a Methemoglobinemia
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.d Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.l Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ak Irreversible respiratory damage requiring lung transplantation
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.a Autoimmunity - An autoimmune condition (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.e Subclinical ANCA positivity
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.f Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.m DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction - Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.k Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)