XXX.l
XXX - Imaging features
Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
Last update 17/06/2026
Can be localized, disseminated or diffuse
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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website
Causative drugs
7
I.a
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.a Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
I.l
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.l Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest
II.a
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.a Left ventricular dysfunction/failure
III.a
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.a Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
V.a
V. Myocarditis
V.a Myocarditis (can be fulminate/fulminant)
V.b
V. Myocarditis
V.b Eosinophilic myocarditis
V.f
V. Myocarditis
V.f Myopericarditis
V.h
V. Myocarditis
V.h Relapse of previously diagnosed myocarditis
VI.c
VI. Cardiomyopathy
VI.c Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy
X.a
X. Pulmonary edema
X.a Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic
XI.a
XI. Pulmonary vasculopathies
XI.a Pulmonary arterial hypertension
XI.j
XI. Pulmonary vasculopathies
XI.j Pulmonary infarction
XII.a
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.a Pericarditis
XII.b
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.b Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)
XII.e
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.e Constrictive pericarditis - Pericardial thickening
XIII.a
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.a Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thrombo-embolism
XV.a
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XVI.e
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XVI.h
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.h Coagulopathy
XX.c
XX. Vasculitis
XX.c Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic) - ANCA status unknown or negative
XX.d
XX. Vasculitis
XX.d Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrathoracic, or systemic: ANCA-positive
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV.i
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.i Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis
XXIV.v
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.v Radiation recall pneumonitis
XXIX.a
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXIX.h
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.h Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting asthma
XXX.l
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
XXX.p
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.p Imaging: Asymmetrical, predominantly unilateral involvement
XXX.s
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.s Imaging: A mosaic pattern of attenuation
XXXVI.b
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.b Lupus - Lupus syndrome
XXXVI.f
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.f Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)
XXXVI.i
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.i Guillain-Barré (or GB-like) syndrome (w/wo ARF)
XXXVI.j
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.j Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
XXXVI.n
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.n A flare of preexisting immune-mediated systemic/rheumatic disease
XXXVI.x
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.x Anti Jo1 syndrome
XXXVI.z
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.z Protracted, prolonged anaphylaxis
XXXVI.ae
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.ae Polyarteritis nodosa-like condition
XXXVIII.c
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.c Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
XXXVIII.q
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.q Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis
I.a
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.a Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
I.e
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.e Bradycardia
II.a
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.a Left ventricular dysfunction/failure
XIV.a
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XIV.f
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.f Pneumothorax
XV.d
XV. Chest pain
XV.d Chest tightness
XVI.e
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XVI.h
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.h Coagulopathy
XVI.i
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.i Hemoptysis
XVI.m
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.m BAL: Gross or microscopic bleeding/hemorrhage
XXI.c
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.c Pneumomediastinum
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXII.c
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.c Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
XXIII.a
XXIII. Hemoglobinopathies (acquired, reversible)
XXIII.a Methemoglobinemia
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXVII.a
XXVII. Dyspnea, lone
XXVII.a Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise
XXIX.a
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXIX.c
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.c Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)
XXIX.f
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.f Deterioration/exacerbation of preexisting asthma or COPD
XXX.e
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.e Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation
XXX.f
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.f Imaging: Alveolar opacities or haze with a batwing or butterfly distribution
XXX.l
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
XXXI.e
XXXI. Eye catchers
XXXI.e Eye catcher: A batwing or butterfly pattern on chest imaging
XXXIII.k
XXXIII. Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)
XXXIII.k Path: Alveolar hemorrhage
XXXIV.b
XXXIV. Infections
XXXIV.b Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia
XXXVI.p
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.p Multisystem/systemic inflammatory response/syndrome
XXXVIII.c
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.c Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
II.d
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.d Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension
III.a
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.a Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
III.c
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.c Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina
XV.a
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XVI.e
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.f
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.f Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) imaging pattern
XXVIII.a
XXVIII. Large airway involvement
XXVIII.a Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)
XXIX.a
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXX.l
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
XXXVI.f
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.f Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)
XXXVIII.k
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.k Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
V.a
V. Myocarditis
V.a Myocarditis (can be fulminate/fulminant)
XII.a
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.a Pericarditis
XII.g
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.g Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus)
XIII.a
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.a Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thrombo-embolism
XIII.n
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.n Right ventricular thrombus/thrombosis
XIV.a
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XVI.e
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV.d
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.d Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV.h
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.h Pulmonary fibrosis (may improve but partly following drug discontinuation)
XXIV.i
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.i Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis
XXIV.j
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.j Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
XXIV.o
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.o Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome)
XXIX.a
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXX.l
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
XXXVI.a
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.a Autoimmunity - An autoimmune condition (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)
XXXVI.b
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.b Lupus - Lupus syndrome
XXXVI.u
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.u Pulmonary vasculitis or capillaritis
XXXVIII.c
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.c Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.aa
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.aa Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia
XXX.l
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing
XXI.a
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXII.b
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV.a
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV.b
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV.c
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXX.l
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing