XXI - Mediastinal involvement/injury
Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
Last update 17/06/2026
Can be hilar and/or mediastinal. Typically detected on imaging. Pathology may reveal granulomatous or reactive changes
XXI - Mediastinal involvement/injury
Last update 17/06/2026
Can be hilar and/or mediastinal. Typically detected on imaging. Pathology may reveal granulomatous or reactive changes
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XX. Vasculitis
XX.c Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic) - ANCA status unknown or negative
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.f Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) imaging pattern
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.d Cough (lone)
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.b Imaging: A miliary pattern (diffuse random micronodules)
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.n Imaging: A 'tree-in-bud' pattern
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.h Myasthenia gravis - Myasthenic-like syndrome
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.i Guillain-Barré (or GB-like) syndrome (w/wo ARF)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.k Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.a Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma
XXXVIII. Miscellaneous - Varia
XXXVIII.k Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.a Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.c Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina
V. Myocarditis
V.a Myocarditis (can be fulminate/fulminant)
VII. Cardiotoxicity
VII.a ‘Cardiotoxicity’
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.s ILD with a granulomatous component
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.c Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic)
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.a Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.m Sudden cardiac death
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.a Left ventricular dysfunction/failure
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.c Heart failure (biventricular, congestive)
II. Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure
II.d Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension
III. Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease
III.a Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction
IV. Heart block (bundle branch-, AV-block)
IV.a Heart block (bundle branch- or AV-)
V. Myocarditis
V.a Myocarditis (can be fulminate/fulminant)
V. Myocarditis
V.e Necrotizing myocarditis (w/o evidence for CAD)
VI. Cardiomyopathy
VI.c Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy
VII. Cardiotoxicity
VII.a ‘Cardiotoxicity’
X. Pulmonary edema
X.a Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic
XI. Pulmonary vasculopathies
XI.a Pulmonary arterial hypertension
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.b Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)
XIII. Thrombosis - Embolism
XIII.a Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thrombo-embolism
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.i Serositis - Polyserositis
XV. Chest pain
XV.e Pleuritis (can cause chest pain)
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.h Coagulopathy
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.d Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.e Relapsing or migrating pneumonitis/pneumonia (see also Id)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.h Pulmonary fibrosis (may improve but partly following drug discontinuation)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.i Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.j Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.l Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.o Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.q Delayed ILD, -pneumonitis, -fibrosis
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.v Radiation recall pneumonitis
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ab Chronic pneumonitis/ILD
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ac Shrinking lung syndrome
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.i Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting COPD
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.h Imaging: Avid pleural uptake on PET-scan
XXXIII. Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)
XXXIII.f Path: Myocardial vasculitis
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.f Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.q Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.v Temporal arteritis (Horton’s)
I. Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)
I.n Respiratory arrest - Apnea
X. Pulmonary edema
X.b Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
XII. Pericardial involvement
XII.g Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.a Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)
XIV. Pleural involvement
XIV.d Eosinophilic pleural effusion
XV. Chest pain
XV.a Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent
XV. Chest pain
XV.b Pleuritic chest pain
XV. Chest pain
XV.e Pleuritis (can cause chest pain)
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.c Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO
XVI. Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)
XVI.e Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.d Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.f Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) imaging pattern
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.h Pulmonary fibrosis (may improve but partly following drug discontinuation)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.j Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ab Chronic pneumonitis/ILD
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.ah Transient pulmonary opacities/infiltrates (see also under Iav)
XXV. Pulmonary function - Pulmonary physiology - PFTs
XXV.i A restrictive lung function defect
XXVIII. Large airway involvement
XXVIII.o A ‘tracheobronchitis’ clinical pattern
XXIX. Small airway involvement
XXIX.a Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.u Imaging: Reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.a Autoimmunity - An autoimmune condition (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.b Lupus - Lupus syndrome
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.f Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.m DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction - Drug hypersensitivity syndrome
XXXVI. Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions
XXXVI.u Pulmonary vasculitis or capillaritis
XXI. Mediastinal involvement/injury
XXI.a Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)
XXII. Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure
XXII.b Acute lung injury - ARDS
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.a Pneumonitis (ILD)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.b Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
XXIV. Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis
XXIV.c Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)
XXX. Imaging features
XXX.l Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing