Philippe Camus, M.D.

Dijon, France

The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website

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I

Cardiac arrhythmia(s)/dysrhythmia(s) (AF, VT, VF, TdP) - QTc prolongation)

a.

Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP)

43
b.

Atrial fibrillation

2
c.

Ventricular tachycardia

2
d.

Ventricular fibrillation

1
e.

Bradycardia

16
f.

Tachycardia

5
g.

QTc prolongation

10
h.

Wandering pacemaker

1
i.

Torsades de pointe

4
j.

Asystole

6
k.

Sinus arrest

1
l.

Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest

28
m.

Sudden cardiac death

3
n.

Respiratory arrest - Apnea

7
o.

Hyperkinetic circulation

0
p.

Oropharyngeal erosion/bleeding

1
q.

Bradyarrhythmia

0
II

Myocardial dysfunction - Heart failure

a.

Left ventricular dysfunction/failure

29
b.

Right ventricular dysfunction/failure

1
c.

Heart failure (biventricular, congestive)

10
d.

Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension

25
e.

Acute respiratory or cardiopulmonary failure

13
f.

Myocardial stunning

2
g.

Heart failure (thyrotoxicosis-, thyroid storm-mediated)

0
h.

Late left ventricular dysfunction/failure

1
III

Myocardial ischemia - Coronary artery disease

a.

Coronary artery disease (acute) - Myocardial ischemia/infarction

27
b.

Coronary artery disease (subacute, chronic)

1
c.

Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina

10
d.

Eosinophilic coronary (peri)-arteritis

0
e.

Coronary artery dissection

2
f.

Calcification of the coronary arteries

0
g.

ST segment changes

2
IV

Heart block (bundle branch-, AV-block)

a.

Heart block (bundle branch- or AV-)

18
V

Myocarditis

a.

Myocarditis (can be fulminate/fulminant)

27
b.

Eosinophilic myocarditis

10
c.

Fulminate myocarditis

0
d.

Giant cell myocarditis

0
e.

Necrotizing myocarditis (w/o evidence for CAD)

1
f.

Myopericarditis

2
g.

Necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis

1
h.

Relapse of previously diagnosed myocarditis

1
VI

Cardiomyopathy

a.

Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic)

29
b.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

3
c.

Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy

10
VII

Cardiotoxicity

a.

‘Cardiotoxicity’

31
b.

Veterinary: Cardiotoxicity

2
VIII

Valvular heart disease

a.

Valvular heart disease and/or dysfunction

4
b.

Heart valve thrombosis

0
IX

Endocardial involvement

a.

Endocarditis (infective)

2
b.

Endocardial fibroelastosis

1
X

Pulmonary edema

a.

Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic

21
b.

Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)

63
c.

Interstitial pulmonary edema

2
d.

Fluid retention

5
e.

Overload pulmonary edema (including posttransfusional (TACO))

3
f.

Capillary leak syndrome (CLS)

3
g.

Flash (fulminate) pulmonary edema

5
h.

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE)

4
i.

Pulmonary edema/ARDS of the ATRA syndrome

2
j.

The differentiation- or ATRA syndrome

1
k.

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) (May cause ARDS)

4
l.

Reperfusion pulmonary edema

1
m.

Neurogenic pulmonary edema

1
XI

Pulmonary vasculopathies

a.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

35
b.

Acute pulmonary hypertension

4
c.

Rebound pulmonary arterial hypertension

1
d.

Pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (Persistent PHT)

1
e.

Pulmonary artery aneurysm(s)

3
f.

Worsening of preexisting PHTn

2
g.

Pulmonary vein stenosis

1
h.

Pulmonary vein thrombosis

0
i.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

4
j.

Pulmonary infarction

1
XII

Pericardial involvement

a.

Pericarditis

4
b.

Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)

27
c.

Hemopericardium - Bloody pericardial effusion

10
d.

Effusive-constrictive pericarditis

0
e.

Constrictive pericarditis - Pericardial thickening

5
f.

Pericardial fibrosis

0
g.

Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus)

13
h.

Postcardiac/-cardiotomy injury (PCIS-Dressler syndrome)

0
i.

Septic/purulent pericardial effusion

2
j.

Pericardial fat necrosis

0
k.

Pneumopericardium

4
l.

Pericardial calcification

0
m.

Pericardial-esophageal fistula

1
n.

Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative)

15
o.

Purulent pericardial effusion

1
p.

Lead poisoning

0
q.

0
r.

Chylous pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade)

1
XIII

Thrombosis - Embolism

a.

Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thrombo-embolism

30
b.

Pulmonary vascular microthrombi

1
c.

Cement embolism

2
d.

Intracardiac bone cement embolism

1
e.

Cyanoacrylate pulmonary embolism

1
f.

Fat/oil embolism - The FES embolism syndrome

6
g.

Lipiodol/contrast pulmonary embolism

0
h.

Mercury pulmonary embolism

1
i.

Crystal pulmonary embolism

1
j.

Foreign body/substance pulmonary embolism

2
k.

Foreign body pulmonary vasculopathy (Excipient lung disease)

5
l.

Air/gas embolism

0
m.

Right atrial thrombosis

0
n.

Right ventricular thrombus/thrombosis

1
o.

Systemic arterial thrombosis

3
p.

Left-sided intracavitary thrombosis

0
XIV

Pleural involvement

a.

Pleural effusion (uni or bilateral) (can accompany ILD induced by the drug)

36
b.

Massive pleural effusion

1
c.

Pleural effusion and coexisting ILD (both drug-induced)

1
d.

Eosinophilic pleural effusion

7
e.

Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion

11
f.

Pneumothorax

9
g.

Empyema

1
h.

Pleural thickening - Fibrothorax

5
i.

Serositis - Polyserositis

2
j.

Black pleural effusion

1
k.

Esophageal pleural fistula

2
l.

Pneumothorax, bilateral

2
m.

Bilateral tension pneumothorax (can be fatal)

1
n.

Chylothorax

2
o.

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)

2
p.

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE)

1
XV

Chest pain

a.

Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent

25
b.

Pleuritic chest pain

2
c.

Chest pressure/discomfort

1
d.

Chest tightness

1
e.

Pleuritis (can cause chest pain)

5
XVI

Hemorrhage - Bleeding - Hematoma(s)

a.

Hemomediastinum - Mediastinal hematoma

4
b.

Pulmonary hematoma

4
c.

Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO

13
d.

Retropharyngeal hematoma (may cause UAO)

1
e.

Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH)

63
f.

Alveolar hemorrhage, localized (e.g. lobar)

1
g.

Alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse (ANCA-positive/-related)

2
h.

Coagulopathy

7
i.

Hemoptysis

20
j.

Major/massive hemoptysis

5
k.

Vocal cord hematoma

1
l.

Thoracic epidural or spinal hematoma

3
m.

BAL: Gross or microscopic bleeding/hemorrhage

3
n.

Rectus abdominis sheath hematoma

1
o.

Epistaxis

4
p.

Submucosal airway petechiae/hemorrhage

1
q.

Airway hemorrhage visible on endoscopy

0
XVII

Heart injury/trauma/perforation

a.

Perforation of the heart - Cardiac rupture

2
b.

Facial/labial/buccal/oral/dental trauma

0
c.

Cardiac injury/trauma

1
d.

Atrial septal defect, acquired

0
XVIII

Aortic involvement

a.

Aortic thrombosis

1
b.

Aortic dissection

2
c.

Arterial (aorta, limb) vasoconstriction and/or ischemia, acute

2
d.

Aortitis

2
e.

Infectious aortitis

1
f.

Coarctation of the aorta (acquired)

0
XIX

Angioedema

a.

Upper airway edema (see under angioedema)

0
b.

Visceral angioedema

2
XX

Vasculitis

a.

Coronary (artery) vasculitis

0
b.

Coronary arteritis

0
c.

Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic) - ANCA status unknown or negative

6
d.

Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrathoracic, or systemic: ANCA-positive

10
XXI

Mediastinal involvement/injury

a.

Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic)

5
b.

Mediastinal lipomatosis

0
c.

Pneumomediastinum

5
d.

Mediastinitis

1
e.

Compression of mediastinal structures/organs

0
f.

Fibrosing mediastinitis

0
XXII

Acute respiratory/cardiorespiratory failure

a.

Respiratory distress or failure, not otherwise specified

5
b.

Acute lung injury - ARDS

90
c.

Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO

8
d.

Postoperative ARDS

1
e.

Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (of neuromuscular cause or causes)

21
f.

Rigid chest syndrome - Chest wall rigidity - Stiff/wooden chest

3
g.

Respiratory acidosis - Hypercapnia - Elevated blood CO2

1
h.

Hypoxemia w/wo acute respiratory failure from hepatopulmonary syndrome

1
XXIII

Hemoglobinopathies (acquired, reversible)

a.

Methemoglobinemia

26
b.

A >5% pulsed vs. calculated oxygen saturation gap

0
c.

Interference with SpO2 measurement

0
d.

A condition mimicking methemoglobinemia

0
e.

Carboxyhemoglobinemia (CO poisoning)

2
f.

Interference with COHb measurement

0
g.

Sulfhemoglobinemia

3
h.

Hemoglobinuria

1
XXIV

Interstitial lung disease - Pulmonary infiltrates - Pulmonary fibrosis

a.

Pneumonitis (ILD)

142
b.

Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)

71
c.

Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia)

62
d.

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP)

22
e.

Relapsing or migrating pneumonitis/pneumonia (see also Id)

4
f.

Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) imaging pattern

8
g.

Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity - Amiodarone lung

2
h.

Pulmonary fibrosis (may improve but partly following drug discontinuation)

17
i.

Progression, acceleration or exacerbation of preexisting ILD/fibrosis

10
j.

Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging)

30
k.

Pulmonary infiltrates

12
l.

Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP)

8
m.

Subclinical pulmonary infiltrates/ILD

6
n.

A mass or masses

1
o.

Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome)

5
p.

An area or areas of consolidation

3
q.

Delayed ILD, -pneumonitis, -fibrosis

2
r.

Lung nodule or nodules

3
s.

ILD with a granulomatous component

5
t.

Focal/localized area of pneumonitis/fibrosis

1
u.

Transient pulmonary opacities/infiltrates (TAPO)

1
v.

Radiation recall pneumonitis

2
w.

Aspiration, aspiration pneumonia (w/wo demonstrable pharyngeal dysmotility)

4
x.

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI)

3
y.

Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (subacute, acute)

5
z.

Unilateral interstitial lung disease

1
aa.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

1
ab.

Chronic pneumonitis/ILD

3
ac.

Shrinking lung syndrome

1
ad.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)

2
ae.

Pneumoconiosis (silicosis, talcosis...)

1
af.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis pattern

1
ag.

Chemical (toxic) pneumonitis

5
ah.

Transient pulmonary opacities/infiltrates (see also under Iav)

1
ai.

The association of ILD and myositis

2
aj.

Fatal pulmonary fibrosis

1
ak.

Irreversible respiratory damage requiring lung transplantation

1
XXV

Pulmonary function - Pulmonary physiology - PFTs

a.

Obstructive lung function defect

0
b.

Reversible lung function defect upon inhalation of BD

0
c.

Restrictive lung dysfunction

0
d.

Hypoxemia

0
e.

Hypercarbia

0
f.

Respiratory acidosis

0
g.

Platypnea-orthodeoxia

0
h.

Methemoglobinemia

0
i.

A restrictive lung function defect

1
XXVI

Neuromuscular dysfunction

a.

Phrenic nerve injury - Hemi- or bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

2
b.

Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF)

1
c.

Acute myelopathy (can cause ARF)

1
d.

Respiratory failure (hypoxemia, acidosis) from myxedema coma

1
e.

Respiratory dyskinesia

1
XXVII

Dyspnea, lone

a.

Dyspnea, unexplained otherwise

9
b.

Tachypnea

1
XXVIII

Large airway involvement

a.

Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death)

42
b.

Epiglottitis

1
c.

Tracheal injury

1
d.

Vocal cord dysfunction, adduction, closure

4
e.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy - Hoarseness

2
f.

Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus)

6
g.

Thermal (burns, frostbite), chemical or caustic injury (face, buccal mucosa, pharynx, upper airway)

5
h.

Airway pigmentation (black, bluish, petechial)

1
i.

Tongue involvement (edema, glossitis, hematoma)

9
j.

Trismus (lockjaw)

1
k.

Rhinosinusitis

1
l.

Sputum production - Bonchorrhea - ‘Bronchitis’

1
m.

Bronchiectasis

2
n.

Chemical laryngitis

0
o.

A ‘tracheobronchitis’ clinical pattern

1
p.

Nasal, palatal and/or pharyngeal pathology

1
q.

Central airway instability - Tracheomalacia

1
r.

Acute laryngeal dystonia

1
XXIX

Small airway involvement

a.

Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma

51
b.

Occupational asthma

2
c.

Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal)

17
d.

Cough (lone)

11
e.

Obliterative bronchiolitis (an imaging and/or pathological pattern consistent with)

4
f.

Deterioration/exacerbation of preexisting asthma or COPD

2
g.

Eosinophilic airway disease (asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis)

0
h.

Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting asthma

2
i.

Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting COPD

6
j.

Bronchospasm and angioedema

1
k.

Cough, acute (can be violent and/or explosive)

1
l.

Bronchiolitis (a clinical-imaging pattern suggestive of)

2
m.

Obstructive airway dysfunction (see also IVc, XVx)

1
n.

Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS)

2
o.

Airway hyperresponsiveness

1
XXX

Imaging features

a.

Imaging: A change in heart shape (viz. cardiomegaly)

0
b.

Imaging: A miliary pattern (diffuse random micronodules)

1
c.

Imaging: Upper/central airway narrowing

1
d.

Imaging: Textiloma - Gossypiboma

1
e.

Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation

3
f.

Imaging: Alveolar opacities or haze with a batwing or butterfly distribution

2
g.

Imaging: Pneumatocele or pneumatoceles

1
h.

Imaging: Avid pleural uptake on PET-scan

1
i.

Imaging: Cavitating/cavitary lung/pulmonary nodule or nodules

1
j.

Imaging: Bronchiectasis

1
k.

Imaging: Centrilobular micronodules (can be diffuse)

2
l.

Imaging: Ground-glass opacities / GGO shadowing

7
m.

Imaging: Foreign body pulmonary embolism

1
n.

Imaging: A 'tree-in-bud' pattern

2
o.

Imaging: Lung nodule or nodules

1
p.

Imaging: Asymmetrical, predominantly unilateral involvement

2
q.

Paraffinoma - Lipidoma (ELP in the form of a nodule or mass)

1
r.

Imaging: Waxing and waning nodules

2
s.

Imaging: A mosaic pattern of attenuation

1
t.

Imaging: Pulmonary vein stenosis

0
u.

Imaging: Reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch

1
v.

Imaging: Reverse or photographic negative of the batwing pattern

1
w.

Imaging: Interlobular septal thickening

1
x.

Imaging: Pleural effusion

1
y.

Imaging: Metallic densities in trachea or large airways

1
z.

Imaging: Intrathoracic lymph node enlargement

1
aa.

Lipid-laden mediastinal lymphadenopathy

1
ab.

Imaging: Diffuse haze

1
XXXI

Eye catchers

a.

Eye-catcher: Tongue edema

1
b.

Eye-catcher: Cement (pulmonary) embolism

2
c.

Eye catcher: Mercury embolism (pulmonary and/or in other tissues)

0
d.

Eye catcher: Gossypiboma - Textiloma

1
e.

Eye catcher: A batwing or butterfly pattern on chest imaging

2
f.

Eye-catcher: An electron-dense liver on unenhanced CT

1
g.

Eye-catcher: An electron-dense ('white') thyroid

1
h.

Midline destructive lesions

1
XXXII

Esophageal pathology

a.

Esophageal hematoma (may cause chest pain and/or tracheal compression)

4
b.

Esophageal pathology (erosion, ulcer, tear, rupture, fistula, Boerhaave’s syndrome)

8
c.

Atrio-esophageal fistula

0
d.

Aortoesophageal fistula

0
e.

Esophageal toxicity

3
f.

Esophageal dysmotility

0
g.

Esophageal stenosis/stricture

1
h.

Dysphagia

0
i.

Pharmacobezoar

1
j.

Esophageal necrosis

1
XXXIII

Histopathology (for pulmonary pathology see in ‘Pneumotox’ (a free companion App)

a.

Path: Myocarditis

4
b.

Path: Lymphocytic myocarditis

1
c.

Path: Eosinophilic myocarditis

2
d.

Path: Giant cell myocarditis

0
e.

Path: Lysosomal storage cardiomyopathy/cardiotoxicity

1
f.

Path: Myocardial vasculitis

2
g.

Path: Necrotizing myocarditis

0
h.

Path: Myocardial fibrosis

1
i.

Path: Fibrinous pericarditis

0
j.

Path: Pulmonary edema

2
k.

Path: Alveolar hemorrhage

2
l.

Path: Pulmonary hypertension incl. angiomatoid vasculopathy

2
m.

Path: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD)

1
n.

Path: Foreign body embolism, microangiopathy, vasculopathy

2
o.

Path: Lipid/fat embolism

3
p.

Path: Silicone droplets/vacuoles in lung tissue, pulmonary vasculature, or lymph nodes

0
q.

Silicone pneumonitis - 'Silicone lung'

1
r.

Path: Silicone pleural nodules or siliconoma (See under Vw)

0
s.

Path: Striated heart muscle damage

0
t.

Path: Coronary artery vasculitis w/wo eosinophilia

0
u.

Path: Elemental (fluid, metallic) mercury embolism

0
v.

Path: Silicone pulmonary embolism

1
w.

Path: Acrylate bone cement pulmonary embolism

1
x.

Granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy

2
y.

Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) pattern (see also If)

1
XXXIV

Infections

a.

Septic pulmonary embolism

2
b.

Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia

2
c.

Staphylococcal pneumonia/infection

0
d.

Lung abscess/abscesses (see also VIr)

0
e.

Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pleural, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo)

2
f.

Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections

2
g.

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

2
h.

Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterial infection/superinfection

1
i.

Cryptococcus pulmonary and/or systemic infection

1
j.

Viral pneumonia

1
XXXV

Disordered breathing during sleep

a.

Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea

3
b.

Disordered breathing pattern - Cheynes-Stokes respiration

5
c.

Obstructive sleep apnea

1
d.

Central sleep apnea

2
XXXVI

Autoimmune syndromes - Systemic reactions or conditions

a.

Autoimmunity - An autoimmune condition (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)

8
b.

Lupus - Lupus syndrome

22
c.

Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic)

7
d.

Subclinical ANA positivity

4
e.

Subclinical ANCA positivity

1
f.

Anaphylaxis - Anaphylactoid reaction (either of these can be fatal)

56
g.

Generalized myopathy/muscle weakness

2
h.

Myasthenia gravis - Myasthenic-like syndrome

4
i.

Guillain-Barré (or GB-like) syndrome (w/wo ARF)

3
j.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)

4
k.

Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF)

7
l.

Refractoriness to epineprine in case of anaphylaxis

1
m.

DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction - Drug hypersensitivity syndrome

15
n.

A flare of preexisting immune-mediated systemic/rheumatic disease

1
o.

Rhabdomyolysis

0
p.

Multisystem/systemic inflammatory response/syndrome

2
q.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)

3
r.

Anti-GBM-related pneumorenal syndrome and DAH (Goodpasture) or flare of

1
s.

Dual MPO-/PR3-ANCA systemic disease/vasculitis or pseudovasculitis

2
t.

Pneumorenal syndrome (w/wo ANCAs)

2
u.

Pulmonary vasculitis or capillaritis

4
v.

Temporal arteritis (Horton’s)

2
w.

Anti-GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture-like or flare of preexisting GS)

1
x.

Anti Jo1 syndrome

1
y.

Cytokine release syndrome

1
z.

Protracted, prolonged anaphylaxis

2
aa.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (typically +ANCA). Or flare of preexisting GPA

1
ab.

Fatal anaphylaxis

1
ac.

Antisynthetase antibodies (ASA) - ASA syndrome

2
ad.

Polymyalgia rheumatica

1
ae.

Polyarteritis nodosa-like condition

1
XXXVII

Veterinary medicine and pathology

a.

Veterinary: Cardiac arrhythmias

0
b.

Veterinary: Myocardial dysfunction

1
c.

Veterinary: Pulmonary edema

0
d.

Veterinary: Pulmonary hemorrhage (bleeding, hemoptysis, alveolar hemorrhage)

0
e.

Veterinary: (Peri-) tracheal/retropharyngeal hemorrhage

1
f.

Veterinary: Methemoglobinemia

1
g.

Veterinary: Pneumonitis - Interstitial lung disease

0
h.

Veterinary: Pulmonary fibrosis

0
i.

Veterinary: Acute Respiratory Distress Synndrome (ARDS)

0
j.

Veterinary: Anaphylaxis/Anaphylactoid reaction

0
k.

Veterinary: Respiratory/Ventilatory depression

0
l.

Veterinary: Flare of Myasthenia gravis

1
XXXVIII

Miscellaneous - Varia

a.

Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma

11
b.

Unilateral/Hemilingual (angio)edema

3
c.

Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome

6
d.

Death following exposure or poisoning

22
e.

Sniffing death - Death from inhalation of compound

5
f.

Cyanosis, a low SpO2 and normal measured PaO2

5
g.

Bluish, blue, pseudocyanotic skin discoloration

1
h.

Hypoxemia, low oxygen saturation (may occur in isolation)

6
i.

Cough syncope

2
j.

Fainting

0
k.

Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement)

18
l.

Calcification of tracheobronchial cartilaginous rings

1
m.

Metabolic acidosis (incl. lactic acidosis/-gap). May cause hyperpnea/dyspnea

8
n.

Hiccup

2
o.

Hemolytic anemia

1
p.

Finger clubbing

0
q.

Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis

6
r.

Hyperemesis

1
s.

CNS involvement/dysfunction/damage

1
t.

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome

1
u.

Hypocalcemia (may lead to respiratory muscle weakness and RF)

1
v.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw

1
w.

Foreign body (talc, constarch) retinopathy

1
x.

Pulmonary contusion

0
y.

Neutropenia, agranulocytosis (w/wo infection/sepsis)

1
z.

Hyperammoniemia (non-cirrhotic)

1
aa.

Hypertension (systemic)

1
ab.

Halitosis - Breath malodor

1
XXXIX

Rechallenge

a.

Rechallenge can lead to near-fatal or fatal relapse of AE/ILD

3
b.

Rechallenge can lead to relapse of AE/ILD

4
c.

Tolerance can be induced successfully starting with minute dosage of the drug

0
d.

Rechallenge can be monitored using biomarker or biomarkers

0
e.

Rechallenge may not lead to relapse of the AE/ILD

3